What statement best describes the Mayflower Compact?

The Mayflower Compact is best understood as an early example of social contract theory. This historic document, drafted in 1620 by the Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower, established a framework for governance based on mutual consent and collective decision-making. It reflects the principles of social contract theory by emphasizing that the legitimacy of government arises from the agreement of the governed, rather than through divine right or coercion. The signers committed to creating a "civil body politic" for their colony, highlighting the importance of cooperation and rule of law for the common good.

Other statements do not accurately capture the essence of the Mayflower Compact. While it was a crucial agreement for self-governance, it was not a formal treaty between nations. It also did not serve as a list of grievances against the king, though at that time the Pilgrims were seeking freedom from monarchy. Lastly, it did not declare independence; rather, it sought to establish a governing document for a new community, demonstrating an early commitment to democratic principles.