Which is a major principle underlying democracy?

A major principle underlying democracy is equality before the law. This concept ensures that all individuals are treated equally in the judicial system, without favoritism or discrimination based on factors such as race, gender, or social standing. In a democratic society, this principle supports fair treatment, ensures that everyone has the right to a legal defense, and guarantees access to justice. Equality before the law is fundamental to upholding other democratic values, such as individual rights and freedoms, as it promotes a framework where laws apply uniformly to all citizens.

In contrast, the other choices reflect principles that contradict democratic values. Concentration of power undermines the foundational democracy principle of checks and balances, allowing for potential abuses of authority. Immobility of social classes can stifle social mobility and contradict the democratic belief in equal opportunity. Lastly, restriction of individual freedoms runs counter to the essential tenet of democracy, which advocates for personal liberties, including freedom of speech and the right to participate in the civic process.