Which phrase best describes de facto segregation?

De facto segregation refers to practices or patterns that lead to the segregation of people based on race or ethnicity that occur without legal enforcement. This means it arises from social norms, economic conditions, or residential choices rather than laws or policies explicitly designed to enforce segregation. For instance, if neighborhoods develop in such a way that certain racial or ethnic groups predominantly inhabit them due to factors such as income levels, housing options, or social preferences, this is considered de facto segregation.

The phrase that best captures this concept is the idea of segregation not mandated by law, as it encompasses a broader range of circumstances under which segregation can exist. This contrasts with legal mandates that explicitly require separation, which would describe de jure segregation, indicating that it is created through legislation and official policies. Recognizing the nuances of de facto segregation is essential for understanding how social structures and inequalities can persist even in the absence of formal laws enforcing separation.